Johann Jakob von Tschudi (25 July 1818 – 8 October 1889) was a Swiss naturalist, explorer and diplomat.

In 1860 he was appointed Swiss ambassador to Brazil, remaining so until 1868, and again spent time exploring the country and collecting plants for the museums of Neuchâtel, Glarus, and Freiburg.

[4] He went on to explain that he had obtained for his personal collection the mummified foetus of a woman at seven months found in the cave of "Huichay" ("two leagues from Tarma"), and included two engravings of it, to prove that the shape of the cranium of the Huancas was not due to pressures placed upon the cranium after birth for cultural reasons.

Tschudi is commemorated in the scientific names of a species of venomous South American coral snake, Micrurus tschudii.

He also edited, in association with Mariano Eduardo de Rivera, Antigüedades Peruanas (Vienna, 1851; translated by F. L. Hawks, New York, 1853).