Johann Nepomuk Czermak

He became a professor at Graz in 1855, and proceeded to work at several European universities, including Kraków (1856/57) and Leipzig (from 1869).

The laryngoscope was created by Spanish singing instructor Manuel Garcia (1805–1906) in 1854 — shortly afterwards, Czermak made modifications to the device, and it soon gained popularity in the medical world.

[1] He had a keen interest in phonetics, performing extensive studies on the role of the voice and acoustic conditions of the throat, mouth and nasal cavities in the production of consonants.

[3] He conducted research on spatial localisation of skin sensibility, and also demonstrated the influence of the nervus sympathicus in regards to excretion of saliva.

[2] In addition, he made contributions towards understanding a disorder that would later be known as Von Hippel–Lindau disease — showing that changes in the eyes' fundus was capillary angioma of the retina.