John Charles Churchill (January 17, 1821 – June 4, 1905) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

He was appointed by Governor Morgan commissioner to superintend the draft for Oswego County in 1862 and 1863.

In 1877, he ran for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated by Democrat Allen C. Beach.

On January 17, 1881, he was appointed a justice of the New York Supreme Court to fill a vacancy.

He was subsequently elected to a full fourteen-year term, and remained in office until the end of 1891 when he reached the constitutional age limit of 70 years.