John Chaney (January 12, 1790 – April 10, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio for three terms from 1833 to 1839.

Born in Washington County, Maryland, the son of Susanna and Nathan Cheney, Chaney moved with his parents to Pennsylvania.

Chaney married Mary Ann LaFere of Bloom Township in 1816.

He returned to Ohio and settled in Canal Winchester, Franklin County.

He was again a member of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1842 and served as speaker.