James Sidney Robinson (October 14, 1827 – January 14, 1892) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

He took part in the operations at Rich Mountain in western Virginia and then was promoted to the rank of major in October 1861.

[1] Robinson was severely wounded in his chest at Gettysburg while leading his retreating troops into the borough on the first day of fighting.

[2] After a lengthy recuperation period, Robinson commanded a brigade under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and then under Maj. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams in XX Corps.

Robinson was elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses and served from March 4, 1881, to January 12, 1885, when he resigned.