Born in Adelphi Terrace, London, he was son of John Henderson and Georgiana Jane, only child of George Keate, F.R.S.
His father, an amateur artist, was an early patron of Thomas Girtin and J. M. W. Turner, who frequently worked together in his house.
[2] John Henderson the younger went at the age of sixteen as a fellow-commoner to Balliol College, Oxford (B.A.
He read for the bar, but devoted his life to the study of archæology and the collection of works of art.
[2] By the codicil to his will, dated 1 November 1877, Henderson bequeathed to the University of Oxford his Greek and Roman vases and Egyptian antiquities.