He concurrently serves as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court since 2018.

Following his graduation, he served for five years in the United States Marine Corps as a commissioned officer, attaining the rank of captain.

[3] He received his Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from the Northwestern University School of Law in 1990.

He served as a law clerk for Judge Joel Flaum of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1990 to 1991.

[6] The nomination generated no controversy, but was made with less than six months remaining in the Bush presidency and was returned after not being acted upon by the 110th Congress.