John Kenneth Caldwell (October 16, 1881 – June 27, 1982) was an American diplomat who served as Minister Resident and Consul General to multiple countries.

From 1935 to 1941, he served as a consul general in Tientsin, China and maintained his position after the Japanese took control of the city.

[6] From March 27 to July 31, 1931, Caldwell served as the Chairman of the US delegation to the Conference on the Limitation of the Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs in Geneva.

[6] On April 14, 1943, he was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to serve as the ambassador to Ethiopia under the title of consul general and presented his credentials on August 31, 1943.

However, his title was later changed to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on October 7, 1943, and he presented his credentials again on December 9, 1943.