[3] During World War II, Caldwell served in the United States Army.

[1][2] Caldwell served as a Democratic Party member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1955 to 1970.

[5] In his first term, he played a significant role in reforming the state's insurance system.

While in this office, Caldwell served two terms as president of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

[3] After Caldwell retired from office early in 1985, Warren D. Evans was appointed to fill the remainder of his fourth term (which continued until January 1, 1987).