[3] After a year of voluntary service in the Royal Austrian Cavalry (1908–1909), he enrolled in the department of law and political sciences at the University of Vienna (1909–1913).
[3] He graduated as juris doctor in 1914 and was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian army where he served until the end of World War I in 1918.
He enrolled again at the University of Vienna and in 1920 obtained a doctorate in political science with a dissertation on "The Problem of the Violation of Belgian Neutrality".
[3] He only obtained his Habilitation in 1927 and was never appointed professor in Austria and Germany, although he was invited twice, in 1930 and 1932, to deliver the prestigious Hague Lectures.
Thanks to the auspices of Manley O. Hudson, he obtained a chair in international law at the University of Toledo, which he held until 1960, when he retired.