He fought in the Spanish Civil War, and published a collection of drawings (Campos de Concentracion 1939-1943) from his time as a refugee in a French internment camp.

[2][6] His time in France was portrayed in the César Award winning 2020 film Josep, directed by French cartoonist Aurel [fr].

[9] In 1939 he crossed into France, and was incarcerated in a series of internment camps, including Bram, Argelès-sur-Mer and Le Barcarès.

[15] In 1946, he moved to New York where he worked as a screenwriter, artist and writer, contributing to Holiday and The Reporter supplement of the Saturday Evening Post.

[24][25] His internment in France was portrayed in the César Award winning 2020 film Josep, directed by French cartoonist Aurel.