Joseph Bryan Thompson (April 29, 1871 – September 18, 1919) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma.

He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1892 and commenced practice in Purcell, Indian Territory.

He resigned in 1897 and moved to Pauls Valley and resumed the practice of law.

[3] On September 18, 1919, Thompson died of heart failure induced by Bright's disease while on a train near Martinsburg, West Virginia en route to his home at Pauls Valley, Oklahoma.

He is interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Pauls Valley, Oklahoma.