Joseph Chayyim ben Isaac Selig Caro (1800 – April 21, 1895, Włocławek, Russian Empire, now Poland) was a notable rabbi.
He was educated as an Orthodox Talmudist, and married the daughter of Rabbi Tzebi Hirsch Amsterdam of Konin, government of Kalisz in Russian Poland, whose pupil he became.
Caro's Teba we-Haken – containing rules of shechita (ritual slaughter) and bedikah (verification) in the form of a dialogue – was published by his sons Isaac and Jacob (Leipzig, 1859; 2d ed., Wilna, 1894).
His chief work, Qol Omer Qera, is a collection of sermons in four volumes (Warsaw, 1860–80; 2d ed., Wilna, 1895), arranged after the order of the Pentateuch in the weekly sections, which furnished the texts.
Here and there in his works are to be found poetical compositions and other traces of the influence of modern ideas not common among the rabbis of Russian Poland.