He was convicted of counter-revolutionary activities and sentenced to 20 years in jail in 1958 and sent to a work camp in Qinghai Province.

After a long prison sentence in China, he moved to the United States, and died there in 2000.

At that point, the Holy See appointed Fan Zhongliang as the successor of Cardinal Kung as the Bishop of Shanghai.

Later, the Chinese Communist Party named Aloysius Jin Luxian, SJ as the Bishop of Shanghai, causing a rift in the Church.

Both bishops were advanced in years, and due to a change in the political climate in the People's Republic of China, decided to work together.