Joseph Stewart Cottman (August 16, 1803 – January 28, 1863) was an American politician.
Born near Allen in Somerset (now Wicomico) County, Maryland, Cottman completed preparatory studies, attended Princeton College in 1821, and Yale College in 1822 and 1823.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1826, and commenced practice in Princess Anne, Maryland.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress, and resumed the practice of law while also engaging in agricultural and literary pursuits.
He died on his farm Mortherton, near Allen and is interred in St. Andrew's Episcopal Churchyard in Princess Anne.