Josephine Cecilia Peary (née Diebitsch; May 22, 1863 – December 19, 1955) was an American author and arctic explorer.

She found herself qualified and on track for a copyist, clerk, and tallyist position at the Smithsonian Institution and the United States Department of the Interior.

[3] Her eagerness to explore the world prompted her to accompany her husband on the Peary expedition to Greenland of 1891–1892.

At that time, Josephine stayed home on Eagle Island in Casco Bay, Maine, which Robert bought in 1877.

[3] In 1914, the Pearys bought the house at 1831 Wyoming Avenue NW in the Adams Morgan neighborhood of Washington, D.C.[6] Robert Peary began renovating the house in 1920, shortly before his death, after which the renovation was taken over by Josephine.