All levels of function are included, from membrane biophysics to cell biology to systems neuroscience and the experimental analysis of behavior.

Theoretical studies are acceptable if they are tied closely to the interpretation of experimental data and elucidate principles of broad interest.

The current Associate Editors for the Journal of Neurophysiology are Robert M. Brownstone, Ansgar Buschges, Carmen C. Canavier, Christos Constantinidis, Leslie M. Kay, Zoe Kourtzi, M. Bruce MacIver, Hugo Merchant, Monica A. Perez, Albrecht Stroh, and Ana C. Takakura.

Rapid Reports are short papers presenting important new findings that could potentially have a major impact on the field.

Rapid Reports submissions receive expedited peer review, and if accepted are highlighted on the journal's website Archived 2017-11-23 at the Wayback Machine.