Juan Carrafa

[1] In 1785 he was promoted to colonel of the Milan Infantry of Line Regiment, composed of Italian soldiers in the service of Spain.

In 1802, he was appointed captain general of Extremadura[1] and promoted to lieutenant general in October 1802, to lieutenant general in the same promotion as other notable Spanish military commanders of the Spanish armies during the Peninsular War, including the Duke of the Infantado, Manuel Lapeña, Juan Pignatelli, Francisco Castaños, Francisco Taranco, Francisco Eguía, and Arturo O'Neill.

[2] Following the signing of the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807), Carrafa was given the command of the Spanish corps of 7,500 infantrymen, 2,150 cavalry and 20 cannon that was to join Junot's French army at Alcántara, prior to the invasion of Portugal.

[1] However, fearing reprisals from his own troops, Carrafa requested that a British ship take him to a Spanish port.

[1] During the siege of Cádiz he was in that city as a member of the Supreme Military Board (Consejo Supremo de Guerra), as an officer without command.