His father, Vicente Peset Cervera, was an eminent doctor, the most important representative of the silver age of medicine in Valencia.

Following in the footsteps of his family, he pursued a career as a doctor and became one of the most important figures in Spanish experimental medicine.

He led a group of scientists at the University of Valencia, and became the director of the medical journal La Crónica Médica.

During the Spanish Civil War, he was pursuing his humanitarian work, helping the prosecuted in Valencia, and he was in charge of several hospitals.

However, he returned to Spain to negotiate with Segismundo Casado and Julián Besteiro and talked them out of their planned overthrow of the prime minister Juan Negrín.