Canaan State of Israel (1948–present) The Judean provisional government is a historiographical name for the short-lived de facto governing entity in Judea, which was established during the Great Jewish Revolt in the year 66 CE by Judean rebel forces of the Pharisee and Sadducee parties.

[5][better source needed] The government functioned until the Zealot Temple siege in the year 68 CE, when most of its leaders were massacred in the inter-rebel struggle.

[6][7][8] Following the Battle of Beth Horon which saw the defeat of Gallus in 66 CE, an assembly of the people was called under the spiritual guidance of Simeon ben Gamliel, and thus the Judean provisional government was formed in Jerusalem.

[11] There is broad scholarly agreement that coins issued by the Judean government during the Revolt use an archaic Hebrew script and Jewish symbols including pomegranate buds, lulavs, etrogs, and phrases including "Shekel of Israel," and "The Freedom of Zion" (חרות ציון Herut Zion), as political statements intended to rally support for independence.

Remnants of the rebel government summoned the peasant faction headed by Simon bar Giora to Jerusalem, in order to stand against the rampaging Zealots.