Born on 21 September 1899 in Lwów to a lawyer father of Jewish descent, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army right after his graduation from school and saw action on the Italian front.

Due to his outstanding results, he obtained a scholarship in 1932 that allowed him to spend several years in Leipzig and, especially, Paris.

Schauder, along with Stanisław Mazur, was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1936 in Oslo.

[2] Schauder was Jewish, and after the invasion of German troops in Lwów 1941 it was impossible for him to continue his work.

The Schauder Medal[4] is awarded by the J.P. Schauder Center for Nonlinear Studies at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, to individuals for their significant achievements related to topological methods in nonlinear analysis.