Jund

[4] Under the Umayyad Caliphate it came to be applied in a more technical sense to "military settlements and districts in which were quartered Arab soldiers who could be mobilized for seasonal campaigns or for more protracted expeditions" as well as the "corresponding army corps" (Dominique Sourdel).

For long they provided the only Muslim military force in the province, and played a major role in the political life of the country, jealously safeguarding their privileged position for the first two centuries of the Islamic period, until their power was broken in the turmoils of the Fourth Fitna.

[8] The jund system in some form seems to have been introduced in Muslim Spain (al-Andalus) as well: in 742, the troops involved in the ongoing conquest of the peninsula were allotted lands in nine districts (mujannada).

By the 10th century, the term jund came to encompass these men alongside the enlisted volunteers (ḥushud) as distinct from foreign mercenaries (ḥasham).

[4] A similar usage is evident in Mamluk Egypt, where the term applied to a specific section of the sultan's personal troops, though not his actual bodyguard.