Juxtacrine signalling

This cell-to-cell communication plays a role in many developmental processes, such as patterning of the embryos, establishing of cell type diversity, organogenesis, and formation of tissues in various organisms.

The term "juxtracrine" was originally introduced by Anklesaria et al. (1990) to describe a possible way of signal transduction between TGF alpha and EGFR.

[4] Some of the cell signaling pathways that are involved in cell-to-cell communication include: Notch-Delta, FGF, Wnt, EGF, TGF-beta, Hedgehog, Hippo, Jun kinase, Nf-kB, and retinoic acid receptor.

[3][8] Two adjacent cells can construct communicating conduits between their intracellular compartments: gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmas in plants.

They are able to organize cells in domains, serving as basic developmental units for plants, as well as mediate the intracellular movement of a variety of proteins and nucleic acids.

[11] The extracellular matrix is composed of glycoproteins (proteins and mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycan)) produced by the organism's cells.

They are secreted not only to build a supportive structure but also to provide critical information on the immediate environment to nearby cells.

Integrins are a family of receptor proteins that integrate the extracellular and intracellular structures, allowing them to perform together.