[4] The Kim Chong-t'ae works subsequently reverse-engineered these locomotives, along with their diesel engines and other components imported from the USSR.

[5] These efforts led to the production of the Kŭmsŏng class locomotives using both copied components and Russian-made parts.

[2] In testing, the first prototype, numbered 8001, the goal of attaining a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) was achieved,[2] and the copy of the Kolomna 14D40 engine produced 1,470 kW (1,970 hp).

[2] The first two units were both painted in a yellow and red livery, strikingly different from the blue and green scheme applied to the Soviet-made versions.

[8] Another readily noticeable difference is that the bogie frames are constructed with welded steel profiles.