The Japan Median Tectonic Line runs from east to west in the center of the town, separating the mountainous area to the north and the plains to the south.

Numerous small rivers which originate in the Sanuki Mountains form multiple alluvial fans and have been inhabited by people from ancient times.

Kamiita has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 13 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tokushima 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The local economy is strongly agricultural, with rice and market crops as carrots, lettuce, spinach, and strawberries, and fruit trees such as persimmons and peaches predominating.