Tokushima Prefecture Kamiyama has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall.

The villages of Ano (阿野村), Jinryō (神領村), Orono (鬼籠野村), Shimobun-Kamiyama (下分上山村), and Kamibun-Kamiyama (上分上山村) were established within Myōzai District, Tokushima with the creation of the modern municipalities system on October 1, 1889.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tokushima 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The economy of Kamiyama is agricultural, and the town is the largest producer of sudachi in Japan, accounting for 24% of the production in Tokushima Prefecture.

Kamiyama is notable for its successes in minimizing its population decline through digital transformation efforts and promotion as a rural startup ecosystem.