[2], as the Karayakupovo culture occupied the edge of historic Bashkortostan in 9th-10th centuries.
Remains of the culture have been found in Karayakupovskoe, Old Kalmashevskoe, Chatrinskoe, Taptykovskoe, Kushnarenkovskoe, Chukraklinskoe, Duvaneyskoe, Sasykulskoe, Davlekanovskiy etc.
They were located on high ground and were reinforced by one or two low walls and moats.
The culture is also represented by earthen mounds with a diameter of 8–10 m and a height of 40–60 cm over the graves.
Near the graves and within them there are traces of ritually buried horse (skins, heads and four legs).