[3] Under the British rule with the Frontier Regulation Act of 1884, the Mikir Hills tract was made a part of the administrative district of Nowgong.

[4] Later in 1935, Mikir Hills was declared as one of the "backward tracts" under article 52A(2) of the Government of India Act, 1919.

These "backward tracts" were the tribal areas for whose administration the Sixth Schedule of the Indian constitution was later enacted.

These areas were not directly controlled by the laws made in the province or the federal government and while the power of administration was vested in the council of ministers, however, it was subject to the governor exercising his individual judgement.

[7] The conflict was marked by retaliatory attacks, with the KRA killing 39 Karbi tribals in March 2004 in the highest single-day civilian casualty in Assam.

[9][10] Following British colonisation, the Government of India Act, 1935, categorised the Mikir Hills as "Partially Excluded Areas".

These areas were not directly controlled by the laws of the provincial and federal government and were administered by a council of ministers but was subject to the Governor exerting their individual judgement.

In 1940, political leaders such as Semsonsing Ingti, Khorsing Terang and Seng Bey in a memorandum to the Assam Governor, Sir Robert Neil Reid, advocated for a separate hill district for Mikirs.

[12] In 1972, the Gauhati University announced that the medium of instruction and examination under its colleges would be changed from English to Assamese.

In a rally held by the committee on 19 December 1973, several students were injured and leaders were arrested in a retaliation by the state police force.

[14] The Sixth Schedule under Article 244(2) and 275(1) contains provisions for the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Under the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, the right of access to traditional lands and length of stay in the region are regarded as "qualifying criteria" for being included in the voters' list for the ADCs.

[17][18] In 2017, a Public Interest Litigation (PIL/9/2017) titled Ratan Terang and 17 Ors Vs.The State of Assam and 8 Ors., was filed in the Gauhati High Court where the petitioners brought to the attention of the court that the elections in the Election District Council are being conducted under the Rules of 1951 and under Rule 128 (4)(b) of the said rules, individuals who are not members of the Scheduled Tribes are included in the electoral rolls of the district council.

The Gauhati High Court in its judgement directed the council to frame the rules for conducting the election in exercise of its power under paragraph 2(7) of the Sixth Schedule within a period of 6 months of the order.

Three non-tribal MACs of the Karbi Anglong Autonomos Council were summoned by the Diphu Judicial Court for a hearing.

[26] Numerous rivers and tributaries flow in these districts such as the Dhansiri, Longnit, Jamuna, Kolioni and Nambor.

[31] These forest areas are natural museums of living giant trees, a treasure house of rare, endemic and endangered species, a dispensary of medicinal plants, a garden for Botanists, a gene bank for economically important organisms, a paradise for nature lovers and a laboratory for environmentalists.

[30] In 1952, Karbi Anglong district became home to the Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi).

[34][35][36][37] However, the forests and wildlife of these districts continue to face threats from deforestation and human activities, some of them illegal.

[46] Agriculture is the main source of income for the people along with Horticulture, Livestock, Plantation, Sericulture, Weaving, etc.

[48] in 2017–18 with a total area of 8,589.85 hectare and production of 2,925 million tonnes (third among inter districts of Assam) it generated 26,800 employments.

While the Karbis are the majority, there also exist numerous other ethnic groups like Tiwa, and Kuki tribes like Thadou and Hmar, found scattered throughout the district.

In 1971 Census of India, the Tribal population was at 65%,[53] as of 2011, it stand at 56.3%[54] with large numbers of illegal influx and encroachment from outside causing disturbance to both natural landscape & economic opportunities.

[55][56] The Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, the Land Revenue and the Forest department of Karbi Anglong aided by Police and Executive Magistrate on 5 March 2019 demolished and evicted over 600 illegal structures and infiltrators built in Lankaijan Reserve Forest bordering Hojai district.

[57][58][59] On 31 August,[citation needed] 10:00 am (Indian Standard Time) the much awaited National Register of Citizens of India (Assam) was declared.

[61][62] A hilly district of Assam, Karbi Anglong is still somewhat unknown to the tourist in spite of its natural green forest and hills.

In the year of 2005–06, a Hindi newspaper Jana Prahari was launched from Baguliaghat, a small town in Karbi Anglong.

[67] The Hills Times, started publication from 2000, is the most widely circulated English daily published from Diphu[vague] and is printed in Guwahati.