Karel Baxa (24 June 1863 – 5 January 1938) was a Czech politician in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and then in Czechoslovakia.

He was the lawyer of the victim's family during the Hilsner Affair (1899), opposing the views of Tomáš Masaryk and spreading heavy antisemitic campaign.

Baxa became a member of the radical movement (radikálně pokrokové hnutí), a section of the Young Czechs political party.

In 1899 he co-founded, together with Alois Rašín and several others, a new patriotic political party, (Státoprávně radikální strana) whose programme asked for the establishment of an independent Czech state.

During his service as a mayor the city witnessed major development of infrastructure and of social, cultural and medicine institutions.