His idols growing up were Marat Safin and Juan Martín del Potro, and favourite sports teams are Real Madrid and the Miami Heat.

The following week he made his debut for Russia at the Davis Cup, and at age 17 years and 157 days he became the youngest Russian tennis player in the pro series, surpassing Mikhail Youzhny.

[citation needed] After a slow start at the Chennai Open and two lower-ITF tournaments, Khachanov then played at the Davis Cup.

However, he then made his Masters debut, after receiving a wildcard entry to the 2014 Miami Open, but lost in the first round to Daniel Gimeno Traver.

In July, at the Kitzbühel Open, he defeated Filippo Volandri and Philipp Kohlscreiber to reach his first ATP Tour quarterfinal since the 2013 Kremlin Cup, before losing to Dušan Lajović.

He defeated João Sousa, Adrian Mannarino, Feliciano López and Victor Troicki to reach his first ATP Tour final.

He finished the year with his first ATP 500 quarterfinal run at the Vienna Open, where he recorded wins over Andreas Seppi and Nikoloz Basilashvili, before Ivo Karlović defeated him.

Wins over Nicolas Jarry and top 30 players, Tomáš Berdych and John Isner, brought him to the fourth round at a Grand Slam for the first time in his career.

He overcame Jared Donaldson, but lost to Daniil Medvedev and Borna Ćorić, so failed to pass the round robin group.

[citation needed] Khachanov started the year at the Auckland Open, reaching the quarterfinal after wins over Yūichi Sugita and Pablo Cuevas, but then lost to Juan Martín del Potro.

However, he reached the final of the Miami Open in the doubles event, alongside Andrey Rublev, but they lost to Bob and Mike Bryan.

[citation needed] In the North American summer hard-court swing, Khachanov reached the semifinals of a Masters 1000 tournament for the first time in his career at the Canadian Open, losing to Nadal.

[13] He became the fifth Russian tennis player to win a Masters tournament after Marat Safin, Andrei Chesnokov, Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Nikolay Davydenko.

Leading up to the French Open, Khachanov's record for the year was ten wins and twelve losses, and he had failed to reach a single tournament semifinal.

[citation needed] At the French Open, Khachanov won his first three rounds to set up a last-16 encounter with Juan Martín del Potro.

[citation needed] In August, Khachanov reached his first tournament semifinal of the year after beating Alexander Zverev in the quarterfinals of the Montreal Masters.

[16] This marked the first time three Russian players reached the fourth round at the All England Club since 2006, when Elena Dementieva, Anastasia Myskina and Maria Sharapova made their run.

[17] He continued by reaching the quarterfinals for the first time in his career, defeating Sebastian Korda in a tight match that finished in a fifth set tiebreak.

[19] At the Tokyo Olympics, Khachanov defeated Yoshihito Nishioka, James Duckworth, Diego Schwartzman and Ugo Humbert to reach the semi-finals.

In Rome, he swept past Pablo Carreño Busta to reach the third round where he was ousted by eventual finalist Stefanos Tsitsipas in three sets.

[34] At the French Open, he defeated Cameron Norrie to reach the fourth round of this tournament for a fifth time, but was outlasted by 6th seed Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets.

He went one step further with a win over Pablo Carreño Busta, in a five sets match lasting over 3 hours, to reach the quarterfinals for the first time at this Major.

[41] In October, Khachanov reached the quarterfinals of Astana Open, where he lost in straight sets to an eventual champion Novak Djokovic.

Khachanov began his European clay-court campaign at the Monte-Carlo Masters where he lost to fellow countryman Andrey Rublev in the fourth round.

At the next Masters tournament, the 2023 Mutua Madrid Open, he reached the quarterfinals following wins over Thiago Monteiro, Roberto Bautista Agut, and Andrey Rublev before falling to top seed Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets.

At the next tournament, the 2023 Zhuhai Championships as the top seed, he recorded his first win since coming back from injury over qualifier Alex Bolt.

[51] In October, Khachanov won the Almaty Open in Kazakhstan, defeating Gabriel Diallo in the final to claim his seventh ATP Tour title.

[52] The following week he backed this great result by reaching back-to-back finals at the 2024 Erste Bank Open in Vienna with wins over qualifier Thiago Seyboth Wild,[53] Brandon Nakashima,[54] Matteo Berrettini[55] and second seed Alex de Minaur.

[73] During the 2023 Australian Open, Khachanov wrote messages on the television camera lens (traditionally signed by the winner following a match) expressing support for Armenians in the Republic of Artsakh during the blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh.

[75][76] In March 2024, Khachanov participated in a charity exhibition match for Artsakh refugees at the Los Angeles Tennis Center with compatriot Andrey Rublev.