Karl Heinrich Barth was born in Pillau, East Prussia (modern day Baltiysk, Russia).
[1] At the age of nine, following initial lessons with his father, Heinrich Barth moved to Potsdam to study with Ludwig Seinmann.
[2] While working at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik, his pupils included Arthur Rubinstein, Heinrich Neuhaus, Wilhelm Kempff, Leonard Liebling,[3] Siegfried Schultze and Rose and Ottilie Sutro.
Other students included Katherine Ruth Heyman, Rudolph Reuter, Ernest Schelling, and Carl Adolph Preyer.
He formed a piano trio with the violinist Heinrich Karl Hermann de Ahna and the cellist Robert Hausmann, which was well known and widely celebrated.