Karlsruhe model

Passengers may travel from distant towns such as Baden-Baden directly into the city centre of Karlsruhe, bridging the inconvenient distance between the main station and the city centre.

This model has led to the creation of similar tram-train systems in other locations.

A similar model has been connecting the city of Vienna with the Baden suburb since 1886 as Lokalbahn Wien-Baden.

Other systems that have implemented the Karlsruhe model include: In 2013, Adelaide Metro in Australia proposed the PortLINK project, which would have featured the Karlsruhe model for 4.8 km (3.0 mi) of track between Bowden and Woodville, followed by another 4.2 km (2.6 mi) to Port Adelaide.

[1] Zwickau, Germany, has reversed the Karlsruhe model by extending Lightweight RegioSprinter diesel trains from the main-line railway onto the street tramway as train-trams (Zwickau Model).