Kasymguly Babayev was born 12 September 1966 in the village Gämi of present-day Ahal Province.
From 1996 to 2002 he taught at the Department of World Economy and International Economic Relations of Turkmen State University.
At the same time he served as a deputy dean of the Faculty of Law and International Relations from January 2000 and as a Dean of the Faculty of Law and International Relations of Turkmen State University from September of the same year till February 2007.
From June 2008, he was also first deputy chairman of the "Galkynyş" All-National Movement and first secretary of the political bureau of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan.
[6][7] From 2021 to 2023 Babayev served as deputy chairman of the People's Council, at the time the upper chamber of a bicameral parliament.