The church was used as one of the two collection points for the taxes payable to the Archbishop of Mainz (mentioned in 1108), which also indicates its great age.

Oktober 1522 predigte in der Kaufmannskirche Martin Luther vom Kreuz und Leiden eines rechten Christenmenschen –1917– ("On 22 October 1522, Martin Luther preached in the Kaufmannskirche about the cross and suffering of a right Christian –1917–") was inserted into the outer church wall, in the direction of the Anger and the Martin Luther monument, in the form of a stone cross.

In 1965, the Kaufmänner-Pfarrhaus ("merchants' clergy house") to the north of the church was demolished for traffic reasons.

The galleries and the pews are to be removed and a "modern rectangular building made of translucent glass" is to be added to the south side facing the Anger.

It was painted and gilded – presumably because of the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War – only in 1671 by Michael Kesweiß from Gotha.

The left wing relief shows the Annunciation at the bottom and the birth of Jesus at the top.

At the very top is Jesus as the Judge of the World, seated on a rainbow, flanked by Moses and John and surrounded by angels' heads.

On the predella is written in Latin as well as in Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek script: "This is my body, this is my blood."

Likewise by the Friedemann brothers, the 7-metre-high (23 ft) pulpit was built in 1598 on the southern pillar of the triumphal arch in the choir.

Thus Adam and Eve, who are at the base of the pulpit made of sandstone, are supposed to be the representatives of humanity.

Below the pulpit basket, David with harp can be seen singing the Psalms, as can Mary with Child and the progenitors of Jesus.

Above, directly on the pulpit basket, Jesus is depicted as the Man of Sorrows, who suffered and then died for humanity.

Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Gregory the Great are on the top of the sound lid and the representation of the Trinity of God on the bottom.

On the cheek of the pulpit staircase, six bas-reliefs depict the Creed from Creation to Redemption to Sanctification.

According to an anonymous chronicle note, the baptismal font from the workshop of the Friedemann brothers was erected in the choir at Easter 1608.

In 1957, the company Schuster & Sohn built a new instrument, retaining some of the stops and the wind chests of the Rühlmann organ.