The area of the Kavkazsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation.

The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kavkazskaya.

The majority of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Ukrainian speaking minority.

[3] According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Kavkazsky otdel had a population of 462,235 on 14 January [O.S.

1 January] 1916, including 235,883 men and 226,352 women, 235,550 of whom were the permanent population, and 226,685 were temporary residents:[6]