Kazimierz Cichowski (Russian: Казимир Генрихович Циховский; 7 December 1887 — 26 October 1937) was a Polish-Soviet communist activist and politician, Bolshevik revolutionary and nobleman.

[1] During the Russian Revolution, he joined the Bolshevik party and from November 1917 he was the deputy Commissar for Polish affairs of the Central Executive Committee of the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic[clarification needed] (LitBel), where he soon advanced to more prominent positions (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets).

Following the October Revolution, Cichowski became a deputy People's Commissar of Nationalities for Polish affairs within the Russian Sovnarkom in December 1917.

[1] After the end of the Lithuanian–Soviet War in 1920 (see Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty), which saw the dissolution of LitBel, he became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine, operating in the Second Polish Republic.

[1] In 1923 Cichowski was given a three-year prison term by the Polish authorities;[1] he was released in 1925 and joined the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland, becoming a member of its secretariat and the Political Bureau.