Kennel cough

[5] Symptoms can include a harsh, dry cough, retching, sneezing, snorting, gagging or vomiting in response to light pressing of the trachea or after excitement or exercise.

[citation needed] Although kennel cough is considered to be a multifactorial infection, there are two main forms.

Symptoms are more severe than the first form, and may include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and fever, in addition to a hacking cough.

Just like human influenza, even after receiving the vaccination, a dog can still contract mutated strains or less severe cases.

[citation needed] To increase their effectiveness, vaccines should be administered as soon as possible after a dog enters a high-risk area, such as a shelter.

[8] Administration of B. bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza vaccines may then be continued routinely, especially during outbreaks of kennel cough.

[9] However, the intranasal method has been recommended when exposure is imminent, due to a more rapid and localized protection.

[2] Several opportunistic invaders have been recovered from the respiratory tracts of dogs with kennel cough, including Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, and various coliform bacteria.

Findings will be mild in animals affected only by kennel cough, while those with complications may have evidence of segmental atelectasis (collapsed lung) and other severe side effects.