Initially a small entity, the KSP gained significant public attention due to the efforts of its front-line leaders.
The party became part of the coalition that formed the first democratically elected communist government in the world after San Marino.
In October 1949, just two years after its formation, the KSP experienced a split and members like N. Sreekantan Nair, Baby John, and K. Balakrishnan joined the Bengal-based Revolutionary Socialist Party.
The KSP joined six other parties to establish the United Front coalition government in Kerala, led by Chief Minister E.M.S.
[3] In the 1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, the KSP secured a single seat, competing as part of a new alliance spearheaded by the Communist Party of India (Marxist).