[1][2] In addition to the Hunde, Twa, and Mbuti, there are other ethnic groups, including the Nyanga, Lega, Kumu, Hutu and Tutsi.
[6] During the First and Second Congo Wars, the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL), supported by Rwanda, waged war in Zaire and systematically shelled numerous camps, committed massacres, forced the repatriation of some of the Hutu refugees back to Rwanda as well as fighting to oust Mobutu Sese Seko out of power.
[10][11][12] From 2000 onwards, forces from the Coalition des Patriotes Résistants du Congo (PARECO), the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD), Mai-Mai and the Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (CNDP) all carried out rapes and killings and ‘insecurity, corruption and injustice increased’.
[13][14][15][16] In April 2008, the clashes between the Congolese army of the 6th Integrated Brigade and the FDLR militiamen in the villages of Mugogo, Rugarama and Kinyandonyi resulted in six fatalities and 14 wounded.
[17] In January 2020, eight people were killed, several were injured and three homes were set on fire in an attack by suspected FDLR (Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda) operatives in Kinyandonyi, in the chiefdom of Bwisha in the Rutshuru territory, North Kivu.