Kithara

West, Martha Maas, and Jane M. Snyder have made connections between the cithara and stringed instruments from ancient Anatolia.

[5] It was played by strumming the strings with a stiff plectrum made of dried leather, held in the right hand with elbow outstretched and palm bent inwards.

[4] The cithara had a deep, wooden sound box composed of two resonating tables, either flat or slightly arched, connected by ribs or sides of equal width.

Among the best-known examples is the Apollo Citharoedus at the Vatican Museums, a 2nd-century CE colossal marble statue by an unknown Roman sculptor.

[9] An instrument called the kinnor is mentioned a number of times in the Bible, generally translated into English as "harp" or "psaltery", but historically rendered as "cithara".

Young kithara player by the Goluchow Painter, Athens, c. 520 BC
Ancient Roman fresco depicting women in a peristyle, listening to another woman play a kithara and sambuca .
Apollo kitharoidos ( Apollo holding a cithara and wearing the customary kitharōdos ’ robes) and musagetes (leader of the Muses ). Marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE.