[11] Additionally, structural deformities, advanced age, female sex, past joint trauma, genetic predisposition, and certain at-risk occupations may all contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in general.

In larger joints (including the knee), avascular necrosis is a possible complication, leading to further pain and disability.

In cases of gouty arthritis of the knee, skin symptoms occur less often, however pain and swelling may be particularly intense.

General recommendations for the management of knee arthritis may include avoiding activities that aggravate the condition, and applying cold or warm packs and using ointments and creams to relieve symptoms.

Corticosteroids may be injected directly into the joint cavity to provide more significant relief from inflammation, swelling, and pain.

[1] Hyaluronic acid is normally present in joints (including the knee), acting as lubricant and providing shock absorption, among other functions.

In osteoarthritis, there is a loss of articular hyaluronic acid activity, likely contributing to pain and stiffness associated with the condition.

[25][26] Knee braces may however result in discomfort, skin irritation, swelling, and may not provide benefits to all.

[26] Using a cane, shock-absorbent footwear and inserts, elastic bandages, and knee sleeves may also be helpful for managing arthritis symptoms.

[27] However, it has been found that insoles used to correct medial knee osteoarthritis (the more common form) may not offer much pain relief.

[31] Inclusion of isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strengthening exercises into the rehabilitation packages for the patients with knee osteoarthritis may also enhance the high-quality of life and make a contribution to the decreased hazard of fall.

[32] land-based exercises that focus on hip abductor shows improvement related to performance and function in women with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

[1] Alternative medicine interventions undertaken for pain relief in arthritis of the knee include acupuncture, and magnetic pulse therapy.