The sanctuary protects part of the Kolleru Lake wetland, which gained Ramsar Convention for International importance in 2002.

[1][2] Kolleru Bird Sanctuary is located in the Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh between the River Krishna and River Godavari deltas spread over 10 to 25 km from Eluru City.

[3] The main flora of the sanctuary is Phragmites karka,[4] a weed that grows up to 10 feet in height and that offers shelter for some species of birds.

The aquatic vegetation includes species such as Nymphaeae nouchali, Nyphoides indicum, Ottelia alismoides, Nechamandra alternifolia, Limnophila indica, Vallisneria spiralis, Blyxa octandra, Ipomoea aquatica, Scirpus articulatus, Paspalidium germinatum, Typha angustata, and Phragmites karka.

The local fishing community known as Suryavansha Vaddis[6] say that from the times of 13th century during Eastern Ganga Dynasty rule they have had descendant rights on Kolleru Lake; they have appealed to the government to decrease from +5 contour (308 km2) to +3 contour (135 km2), asserting that they were protectors of birds from Langula Gajapathi Raju period.