Konstantin Alekseevich Kalinin (Russian: Калинин Константин Алексеевич; born 17 December (29) 1889 in Warsaw, Russian Empire; died 1938 or 21 April 1940 in Voronezh) was a World War I aviator and Soviet aircraft designer.

After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, he became a pilot and commanding officer under Ukrainian Directory Government.

Kalinin was arrested on 1 April 1938 in Voronezh during the Great Purge.

Seven months after his arrest on 22 October, at a closed court hearing of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union, which lasted 10 minutes without defense or witnesses, Kalinin was accused of anti-Soviet activities and espionage and sentenced to death.

Kalinin was one of the founders and first teachers of the Kharkiv Aviation Institute.