Korean Communist Party

Yi Dong-hwi arrived in Shanghai at the end of August of that year and was inaugurated as the first Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

Yi Dong-hwi formed a communist group in Shanghai in the spring of 1920 as the first step toward achieving independence with the help of the Soviet Union.

Communist education and military training were provided to Korean youth, and efforts were made to educate party members and the general public through political ideology and infiltrate Bolshevik policies through an organ called Gyeongsejong (警世鐘).

Meanwhile, in Irkutsk, the Central General Assembly of the Former Korean Communist Party was formed in July 1920.

However, on November 3 of that year, several sections of the party leadership, including Chairman Kim Cheol-hoon, Secretary General Han Andrei, Political Department Director Lee Seong, Propaganda Department Director Choi Choi-ryeo, Military Government Committee Chairman Oh Hamuk, and Transportation Department Director Park Ino Genchiro, were returned to the party leadership.

[3][4] In December 1920, Kim Lip, who had transported Moscow funds to Shanghai, secretly stored this money instead of giving it to the Provisional Government.

As a result of this incident, Yi Dong-hwi's prestige fell significantly, and the departure of Provisional Government officials from the communist group quickly surfaced.

Held for 12 days from May 4, 1921, this conference was attended by 85 representatives from 26 organizations from Korea, Soviet Union, the Far East Republic, and China.

However, the Irkutsk faction of the Korean Communist Party believed that the construction of the Soviet Union through socialist revolution was necessary.

Later, like the Shanghai School, it changed into a two-stage revolutionary theory, but its radical nature did not disappear.

On the other hand, the Irkutsk-affiliated Korean Communist Party was passive toward the national unification front and was negative toward alliances with nationalist forces.

[1][4] The armed units of this faction are as follows:[6] Meanwhile, in Irkutsk on September 5, 1919, Kim Cheol-hoon (金哲勳), Oh Hamuk (吳夏默), etc., with the support of Sumiyasky, formed the Former Korean Communist Party.

The Shanghai faction expanded its power through alliances with Chinese and Japanese communists, domestic operations, and support for national armed groups.

On June 28, 1921, the Sakhalin Volunteer Corps, supported by the Shanghai Faction, fought against the Irkutsk Faction, which had joined the Russian Red Army, in Surasekhka, but was surrounded and attacked by the 29th Regiment of the Russian Red Army, leaving 144 dead and missing and 864 survivors.

The Soviet Union and the Far East General Directorate ordered the disbandment of all the factions in December 1922 to organize the Corburo under the Comintern.