Korean mixed script

Although the Korean alphabet was introduced and taught to people beginning in 1446, most literature until the early twentieth century was written in literary Chinese known as hanmun (한문; 漢文).

Despite the advent of vernacular writing in Korean using hanja, these publications remained the dominion of the literate class, comprising royalty and nobility, Buddhist monks, Confucian scholars, civil servants and members of the upper classes as the ability to read these texts required proficient ability to understand the meaning of the Chinese characters, with both their adopted Sino-Korean pronunciation and their native gloss.

The new script rapidly spread to all parts of society, including the segments of the population formerly denied access to education such as farmers, fishermen, women of the lower classes, rural merchants and young children.

[6][7] These attempts were initiated by several rulers, who discovered disparaging remarks about their reigns, and the upper classes, whose grip on power and influence was predicated upon their ability to read, write and interpret classical Chinese texts and commentaries thereof.

The syllable blocks could be written easily between meaningful units of Chinese characters, as annotations, but also began to replace the complex notation of the early gugyeol and idu, including hyangchal, although gugyeol and idu were not officially abolished until the end of the 19th century in part because literary Chinese was still the official written language of the royal court, nobility, governance and diplomacy until its usage was finally abolished in the early twentieth century and its local production mostly ceased by mid-century.

Protestant and other Catholic missionaries followed suit, facilitating the spread of Christianity in Korea, but also created a large corpus of Korean-language material written in hangul only.

[10] The script is now the primary and most commonplace method to write the Korean language, and is known as hangul (한글) in South Korea, from han (한; 韓), as in 'Korea', and gul (글), 'script'.

Another major literary work touted as a masterpiece of hangul-based literature, the 1590 translation of The Analects of Confucius (논어; 論語) by Yi Yulgok (이율곡; 李栗谷) is also written entirely in hanja-honyong.

The heyday of hanja-honyong arrived with the Gap-o reforms (갑오; 甲午) passed in 1894–1896 after the Donghak Peasant Rebellion (동학농민혁명; 東學農民革命).

One of the most important publications at the end of the Joseon period was the weekly newspaper, Hanseong Jugang (한성주간; 漢城週刊), one of the first written in the more natural style several years before the Gap-o reforms.

Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. 中 for China, 韓 for Korea, 美 for the United States, 日 for Japan, etc.

), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. 이 사장(李 社長) vs. 이사장(理事長)), or for stylistic use such as the 辛 (신라면; 辛拉麵) used on Shin Ramyŏn packaging.

Due to the reforms at the close of the Joseon dynasty, native words were not supposed to be written in hanja, as they were in the idu and hyangchal systems which were abolished at this time.

[19] By the mid-1990s, when even the most conservative newspapers stopped publishing in hanja-honyong, with most ceasing in the 1980s, and switched to a generally all-hangul format, the use of characters to clarify the meaning of a word, 'hanja disambiguation', is still common, in part due to complaints from older subscribers that were educated in the mixed script and were used to using hanja glosses.

[20][21] From this 2018 article from the conservative newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, two phrases are disambiguated with hanja:[22] Although in many instances, context can help discern the meaning, and many of the possible variants are obscure or rare characters that would be encountered only in either classical literature or literary Chinese thus limiting choices.

Many Sino-Korean terms that are rare and only encountered in ancient texts in literary Chinese are almost unknown and would not even be part of the hanja taught in education, limiting the number of likely choices.

[20] 失業者가실업자가Sireopjaga繼續계속gyesok늘어나서늘어나서neureonaseo政府는정부는jeongbuneun對策을대책을daechaegeul磨鍊하고마련하고maryeonhago있다.있다.itda.失業者가 繼續 늘어나서 政府는 對策을 磨鍊하고 있다.실업자가 계속 늘어나서 정부는 대책을 마련하고 있다.Sireopjaga gyesok neureonaseo jeongbuneun daechaegeul maryeonhago itda.大韓民國대한민국Daehan Minguk農業이농업이nong-eobi더더deo發展할발전할baljeonhal수수su있도록있도록itdorok도와주는도와주는dowajuneun硏究연구yeongu結果가결과가gyeolgwaga公開되었다.공개되었다.gonggaedoe-eotda.大韓民國 農業이 더 發展할 수 있도록 도와주는 硏究 結果가 公開되었다.대한민국 농업이 더 발전할 수 있도록 도와주는 연구 결과가 공개되었다.

{Daehan Minguk} nong-eobi deo baljeonhal su itdorok dowajuneun yeongu gyeolgwaga gonggaedoe-eotda.朝鮮日報는조선일보는Joseon Ilboneun1920年에1920년에1920(cheongubaegisim)nyeone創刊되었다.창간되었다.changgandoe-eotda100年이100년이100(baeng)nyeoni다다da되어되어doe-eo간다.간다.ganda.朝鮮日報는 1920年에 創刊되었다.

{Joseon Ilboneun} 1920(cheongubaegisim)nyeone changgandoe-eotda 100(baeng)nyeoni da doe-eo ganda.休暇휴가Hyuga中중jung心肺심폐simpye蘇生術로소생술로sosaengsullo사람을사람을sarameul살린살린sallin兵士가병사가byeongsaga話題가화제가hwajega되고되고doego있다.있다.itda.休暇 中 心肺 蘇生術로 사람을 살린 兵士가 話題가 되고 있다.휴가 중 심폐 소생술로 사람을 살린 병사가 화제가 되고 있다.Hyuga jung simpye sosaengsullo sarameul sallin byeongsaga hwajega doego itda.인터넷인터넷Inteonet豫買가예매가yemaega電話전화jeonhwa豫買보다예매보다yemaeboda便하더라.편하더라.pyeonhadeora.인터넷 豫買가 電話 豫買보다 便하더라.인터넷 예매가 전화 예매보다 편하더라.Inteonet yemaega jeonhwa yemaeboda pyeonhadeora.어제어제Eoje日出은일출은ilchureun5:10,5:10,5:10(daseot-si sip-bun),日沒은일몰은ilmoreun,19:53이었다.19:53이었다.19:53(ilgop-si osipsam-bun)i-eotda.어제 日出은 5:10, 日沒은 19:53이었다.어제 일출은 5:10, 일몰은 19:53이었다.Eoje ilchureun {5:10(daseot-si sip-bun)}, ilmoreun, {19:53(ilgop-si osipsam-bun)}i-eotda.The text below is the preamble to the constitution of the Republic of Korea.

유구한 역사와 전통에 빛나는 우리 대한 국민은 3⸱1 운동으로 건립된 대한민국 임시 정부의 법통과 불의에 항거한 4⸱19 민주 이념을 계승하고, 조국의 민주 개혁과 평화적 통일의 사명에 입각하여 정의⸱인도와 동포애로써 민족의 단결을 공고히 하고, 모든 사회적 폐습과 불의를 타파하며, 자율과 조화를 바탕으로 자유 민주적 기본 질서를 더욱 확고히 하여 정치⸱경제⸱사회⸱문화의 모든 영역에 있어서 각인의 기회를 균등히 하고, 능력을 최고도로 발휘하게 하며, 자유와 권리에 따르는 책임과 의무를 완수하게 하여, 안으로는 국민 생활의 균등한 향상을 기하고 밖으로는 항구적인 세계 평화와 인류 공영에 이바지함으로써 우리들과 우리들의 자손의 안전과 자유와 행복을 영원히 확보할 것을 다짐하면서 1948년 7월 12일에 제정되고 8차에 걸쳐 개정된 헌법을 이제 국회의 의결을 거쳐 국민 투표에 의하여 개정한다.

1987년 10월 29일 悠久한 歷史와 傳統에 빛나는 우리 大韓國民은 3⸱1 運動으로 建立된 大韓民國臨時政府의 法統과 不義에 抗拒한 4⸱19 民主理念을 繼承하고, 祖國의 民主改革과 平和的統一의 使命에 立脚하여 正義⸱人道와 同胞愛로써 民族의 團結을 鞏固히 하고, 모든 社會的弊習과 不義를 打破하며, 自律과 調和를 바탕으로 自由民主的基本秩序를 더욱 確固히 하여 政治⸱經濟⸱社會⸱文化의 모든 領域에 있어서 各人의 機會를 均等히 하고, 能力을 最高度로 發揮하게 하며, 自由와 權利에 따르는 責任과 義務를 完遂하게 하여, 안으로는 國民生活의 均等한 向上을 基하고 밖으로는 恒久的인 世界平和와 人類共榮에 이바지함으로써 우리들과 우리들의 子孫의 安全과 自由와 幸福을 永遠히 確保할 것을 다짐하면서 1948年 7月 12日에 制定되고 8次에 걸쳐 改正된 憲法을 이제 國會의 議決을 거쳐 國民投票에 依하여 改正한다.

1987年 10月 29日 We, the people of Korea, proud of a resplendent history and traditions dating from time immemorial, upholding the cause of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea born of the March First Independence Movement of 1919 and the democratic ideals of the April Revolution of 1960, having assumed the mission of democratic reform and peaceful unification of our homeland and having determined to consolidate national unity with justice, humanitarianism and brotherly love, and to destroy all social vices and injustice, and to afford equal opportunities to every person and provide for the fullest development of individual capabilities in all fields, including political, economic, social and cultural life by further strengthening the free and democratic basic order conducive to private initiative and public harmony, and to help each person discharge those duties and responsibilities concomitant to freedoms and rights, and to elevate the quality of life for all citizens and contribute to lasting world peace and the common prosperity of mankind and thereby to ensure security, liberty and happiness for ourselves and our posterity forever, do hereby amend, through national referendum following a resolution by the National Assembly, the Constitution, ordained and established on July 12, 1948, and amended eight times subsequently.