Kumma (Nubia)

Kumma or Semna East is an archaeological site in Sudan.

The forts protected the border between ancient Egypt and the southern areas.

Kumma is situated about 365 kilometres (227 mi) south of Aswan, and 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the second cataract of the Nile on the eastern bank.

Both locations are flooded today because of the Aswan High Dam on Lake Nubia.

The salvaged temple of Khnum is rebuilt in the National Museum of Sudan at Khartoum.

Situation plan of Kumma and Semna
Semna and Kumma, view from the west, mid-19th century