Laboulbenia slackensis

[1] Like all fungi found in the Laboulbeniomycetes class, L. slackensis is an obligate ectoparasite and lives its entire life cycle on one host.

This is thought to occur due to unidirectional spore transmission balancing out infection sizes between hosts.

[8] Auto-infection of the same host is negligible unless large populations of the fungus are present on the infected beetle.

[8] Although the fungus is univorous in nature, laboratory conditions can cause successful artificial transmissions to 19 other carabid species.

Possible mechanisms for feeding include water and nutrient absorption through the thalli or uptake of waxy lipids produced by the host.

[10] The close relationship between the fungi and its host may have led to co-evolution and an evolutionary arms race between the two species.

Genetic sequencing studies have begun on related species in this genus, although the practicality remains limited due to the difficulties of collecting enough molecular samples.

Generalized life cycle of a Laboulbenia fungus. L. slackensis follows the stages of this life cycle, including the development of a sticky ascospore and a foot cell to anchor itself to the host.