It is located in the Center-South region of the State and is one of the largest cities in the interior, with an estimated population, in 2021, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), of 106,015  inhabitants.

History reveals that the municipal seat is one of the oldest settlements in the state, being the third village created in the captaincy of Sergipe, whose colonization had already been in the territory in 1596.

The colonization of the lands of Lagarto took place in the 18th century, after the arrival of a new group of settlers, which gave rise to cattle farms and sugar mills.

They also say that the inhabitants of the time left this location due to an outbreak of smallpox that killed many residents, and settled where the city center is today.

There, in 1672, they built a chapel and installed residences around it, where today is the current parish church of Nossa Senhora da Piedade.

Two versions lead to the name of the municipality: the existence of a stone in the shape of a lacertillium, found near a stream; and the record of a coat of arms with the mark of a lizard, left by a family of Portuguese nobles.

With an economy involving multiple sectors, such as agriculture, based mainly on the cultivation of beans, oranges, tobacco and cassava; beef cattle; sheep farming; trade and industry, Lagarto is a highly productive region, where what is planted yields good results.

The division of lands, which occurred during the colonization period, led to the creation of cooperatives, such as the institution established in Colony 13, founded in 1960, which allowed production by settlers in all directions.

The hydrography of the municipality is composed of the Vaza-Barris , Piauí, Jacaré, Piauitinga de Cima, Machado and Caiçá rivers, and the Oiti, Pombos, Flexas and Urubutinga streams.

The main ones are Colony Thirteen , Açuzinho, Açu, Caraíbas, Brasilia, Marsh, Jenipapo, Gameleiro, Urubutinga, Araças, Estancinha, Big Vulture, Boa Vista do Vulture, Coconut Tree, Oxpecker, Warbler from Below, Warbler from Above, Tapera dos Modestos, Deep River from Above, Deep River from Below, Caracara, Candeal, Arrowheads, Quipé, Bonfim, Quilombo, Tile, Pururuca, Santo Antonio, Taperinha, Itaperinha, Tank, Curralinho, Crioulo Field, Tiger Bag, Round Bag, Hawk, Oiteiros, Turtle Floodplain, Marsh, Round Thicket, Big Farm, Tapera do Saco, Mansion, Foot of the Qui Mountain, Luis Freire, Mangabeira, Cow River, Water Eyes, Pindoba, Madanela, Red Clay, Lemon Tree, Fundão, etc.

Also worthy of note is the role of the Protestant Christian Churches, which also carry out excellent evangelization work, through services, visits or meetings, as well as holding events such as the Baptist Cathedral Congress, the Jonas Project and Lagospel Music.

In the municipality of Lagarto, there are important tourist attractions: Dionízio de Araújo Machado Dam, the edge of the Dionísio de Araújo Machado dam, in Lagarto, promises to be one of the great tourist works of the municipality,  Dr. Filomeno Hora Square, Pedra da Arara, Cachoeira do Saboeiro, Parque das Palmeiras (former Bonfim Farm), Boa Vista da Cajazeira Farm (for its imposing 19th century mansion in colonial style), local rivers and the Marian Sanctuary of Our Lady of Mercy (where there is an image of La Pietá, the like of which is only in Spain, crowned with the authorization of His Holiness Pope John Paul II).