Lancaster Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,494 (down from 1,511 at 2010[1]) and it contained 610 housing units.

[2] Eleutherian College and the Lyman and Asenath Hoyt House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

[1] The streams of Middle Fork Creek and Turkey Branch run through this township.

The township contains five cemeteries: Bland, Clashman, College Hill, Nelson and Ogden.