Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg (Charlotte Dorothea Sophia; 17 June 1672 – 29 August 1738) was a Duchess of Saxe-Weimar by marriage to Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.

Born in Kassel, she was the eldest of twelve children born from the second marriage of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg with Louise Elisabeth Kettler, Princess of Courland and Semigallia.

In Kassel on 4 November 1694 Charlotte married Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar as his second wife.

After her husband's death in 1707, she received as a Wittum (Dower land) the town of Hardisleben.

Her main residence was the Yellow Castle (German: Gelbe Schloss) in Weimar, which was built during 1702-1704.